Abstinence-Only vs. Comprehensive Sex Education Essay -- Sex Education

Since the HIV/AIDS epidemic began in the U.S. in the early 1980s the issue of come alive education for American youth has had the attention of the nation. There are about 400,000 teen births every year in the U.S, with about 9 billion in associated public costs. STI contraction in general, as well as teen pregnancy, have put the subject even more so on the knife edge of the nations leading issues. The approach and method for proper and effective sex education has been hotly debated. Some believe that teaching abstinence-only until conjugation is the beaver method while others believe that a more comprehensive approach, which includes abstinence promotion as well as contraceptive information, is necessary. Abstinence-only program curriculums disregard medical checkup ethics and scientific accuracy, and have been empirically proven to be ineffective therefore, comprehensive sex education programs which are medically accurate, science-based and empirically proven should be the stand ard method of sex education for students/children in the U.S.The primary argument which most advocates for abstinence only education have is that sex before marriage is immoral, not appropriate and that abstinence is the only completely effective method of preventing teen pregnancy and STI contraction. These advocates also emphasize that condoms are not a sure-fire way of preventing pregnancy and STI contraction. Many of the proponents for abstinence-only education believe that educating youth with information concerning sex and contraception will embolden them to become to begin or sum up sexual activity. Such advocates accredit the lowering of teenage pregnancy to abstinence only education (Collins, Alagira, and Summers 12-13).Some abstinence-only proponents also de... ...y Practitioner 84.6 (2011) 6. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.Sonfield, Adam. wake up tuition Remains Active Battleground. Contraceptive Technology Update 1 Mar. 2012. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.Te en Pregnancy Prevention Focusing on establish Ineffective Abstinence-Only Lessons Being Replaced with Science. The Nations Health Apr. 2010 1+. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.Thomas, . Abstinence-Only Sex Education Statistics - Final Nail in the Coffin. Open Education Free Education for All. N.p., 5 Jan 2009. Web. 4 Apr. 2012US Government Should Stop Funding Abstinence-Only Education Virginity Pledge Ineffective. Reproductive Health Matters Nov. 2009 223. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.Washington Watch Advocates sample Support for Real Sex Education. Contraceptive Technology Update 1 June 2009. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.

The Dangers of Angina Pectoris Essay -- Health Coronary Heart Disease

The Dangers of Angina Pectoris3 Introduction4 The Human Heart5 Symptoms of coronary Heart Disease5 Heart Attack5 Sudden Death5 Angina6 Angina Pectoris6 Signs and Symptoms7 contrastive Forms of Angina8 Causes of Angina9 Atherosclerosis9 Plaque10 Lipoproteins10 Lipoproteins and Atheroma11 Risk Factors11 Family History11 Diabetes11 Hypertension11 Cholesterol12 Smoking12 Multiple Risk Factors13 Diagnosis14 Drug Treatment14 Nit set outs14 Beta-blockers15 Calcium antagonists15 Other Medications16 Surgery16 Coronary Bypass Surgery17 Angioplasty18 Self-HelpINTRODUCTIONIn todays society, sight are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fastpace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various indispositions and disorders arebeing developed constantly, and yet, coronary effect disease trunk the considerone killer in the world.The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides,AIDS and so on. What a lot of great deal are not realizing is that coronary heartdisease act u every last(predicate)y accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, thenumber of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deathsfrom cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, andothers, COMBINED.One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is angina pectoris.Unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it seriously, and thus not realizingthat it may lead to other complications, and even death.THE HUMAN HEARTIn order to understand angina, one must know about our own heart. The humanheart is a powerful muscle in the body which is worked the hardest. A doublepump system, the heart consists of two pumps side by side, which pump blood toall parts of the body. Its steady beating maintains the flow of blood throughthe body day and night, year after year, non-stop from birth until death.The heart is a hollow, muscular harmonium slightly bigger than a personsclenched fist. It is located in the centre of the chest, under the breastbon eabove the sternum, but it is slanted slightly to the left, giving people theimpression that their heart is on the left side of their chest.The heart is divided into two halves, which are further divided into fourchambers the left atrium and ventricle, and the objurgate atrium and ventricle.Each chamber on one side is... ...erward. Exactly how long the operationtakes depends on where and in how many places the artery is narrowed. It is mostsuitable when the disease is limited to the left anterior descending artery, butsometimes the plaques are simply too hard, making them impossible to be squashed,in which case a bypass might be necessary.SELF-HELPThe only way patients can prevent the condition of their heart fromdeteriorating any further is to change their lifestyles. Although drugs andsurgery exist, if the heart is uncovered to pressure continuously and it strainsany further, there will come one day when nothing works, and all that remain isa one-way ticket to heaven.The follo wers are some advices on how people can change the way they live,and enjoy a lifetime with a healthy heart once more. rickA person should limit the amount of exertions to the point where anginamight occur. This varies from person to person, some people can do just as more thanwork as they did before developing angina, but only at a slower pace. Try todelegate more, reassess your priorities, and learn to pace yourself. If the rateof work is uncontrollable, think about changing the job.

Essay --

Have you ever wondered who invented the modern computers we use today?Now, you would probably say Microsoft or Apple barely the truth is modern computers were invented by Alan Turing. He invented the Turing Machine, which is a computer that could process anything. In other words he created the first programing language. Not only(prenominal) did he contribute to computer science, but as well in biology, chemistry, physics, and especially mathematics. He has countless number of achievements including his contribution of cracking the Nazi enigma code, which seemed at that time, unbreakable. Now lets dive into the life of Alan.Now where is better to start than his early life. Alan was born into a wealthy family. He was born on the June of 25, 1912 in London, Maida Vale, Warrington Crescent, and Warrington Lodge. He was christened on july 7, 1912 at the St. Saviours church. Alan did not live with his father early on in his life because his father, Julius Turing worked for a civil servi ce in India. He worked for the Madras Presidency. There he met alan mother Ethel Stoney. Alan was the youngest in his family. He has one older brother named John Turing. He his 4 years older than Alan. Alan was a real curious boy. He always questioned how thing are done. He was always not shy and ready to greet anyone. He also acted a sight more mature for his age. He loved to use large words as a child. However he did enjoy the company of figures. Extraordinarily, he opinion himself to read in 3 weeks by using an interesting method he deceived called the knowing spot. He had a problem of not storage to read the figures from left to right or vise versa. Alan then used his left hands thumb as a marker for instruction the figures. He called it the knowing spot. L... ...t the same yard as his father. He did have a rule to eat an apple a night. He also loved to chant the poison apple brewing scene from snow white as a child. Some people misunderstanding that the Apple logo does no t come from this reason ,but instead because the bite helps distinguish it from a cherry. However Steve Jobs says, God, we wish it wereAlan Turing was a man who accomplishments countless number of things in his life. varying from computers, biology, physics, and mathematics. However he lost his life at such a young age for a reason unknown to us. He helped win WWII and created the construct of programming when everyone else says it is impossible. Also he did not stop there but also defined what makes a computer smart. He created the first Artificial intelligence. He still use all use methods today. He was the man known as the father of modern computers.

How Television Affects Society :: essays research papers

How Television Effects auberge.The only activities Americans spend more clock time doing than watching television are working and sleeping. With this in mind, it is understood that television plays a major role in the statistical majority of most Americans. Society reflects what is shown on television in a multitude of various areas. Three of the major areas in which television affects us are in behavior, moral values, and affable standards. All throughout life, youths have found some way to rebel against authority. In the 50s, boys rode on motorcycles and greased their hair back. In the 60s, they permit their hair grow down to their who-ha as they denounced their government. In todays day and age, we find our youth killing each other and denouncing God. A g heartbeat example of televisions responsibility for this matter would be the mass coverage of the Columbine shootings. In a personal individual survey I conducted, close to 100% of the people said that they had never before seen or heard of any school shootings before the Columbine incident. Now that the constant round the clock news coverage of Columbine has concluded, there is been well over seven more reported incidents of school shootings that will probably never give-up the ghost the amount of coverage that Columbine got because school shootings are no longer a novelty. Do you wonder why these kids did what they did? It is because of the amount of violence that is now beingness shown all across the news. In one weeks worth of time of watching the ten oclock news, I have seen blood drenched contend victims give A.B.C news anchors their last words before slipping into a coma. Five days ago, a neighborhood gang interrupted a high school students routine walk home by beating him to within an inch of his life. When he was asked if he would reveal the names of the assaulters, call back who was bedside with a camera to capture the swollen faced expression of the student? Newscasters are oversteppin g their boundaries for the mere purpose of sensationalism, and death has lost its shock value. A proficiency used by many in the television business to assure mass audience attention is to just make everything brief. The deceit in this technique is that it provides constant stimulation through variety, novelty, and action. In this aspect, television has become a virtual narcotic drug. In this, we the viewers are the junkies.

Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Flies is about a mini-society of boys formed by chance. Their isolation from adults forced reality upon them and so they had to think for themselves and work together. As a commentary of todays society it does well to explain some of todays issues analogous violence, laws, pride, greed, fear, religious power and the conflict between living in a educate society or savagery. It is all about the choice the boys made when life became real. In the beginning their lives were controlled and protected by their parents, teachers and police officers. Jack cannot kill the consume even though he can eat meat because of the "enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh." (p 41). Roger cannot hit the boys with the stones even though he could if he wanted to because he has been conditioned by the society he used to live in. This is the type of society the children live in. Everything is a game until the tool. The beast signals the end of the games and start of reality. Lives are at stake in perspective of the boys and survival must occur in any form. Our society is much like this as todays society is also about survival and what choices we make to survive. The mini-society started off peaceful. The purpose was to set a signal fire and live off harvest-time until help came. The conflict came when the fire and hunting could not be committed to at the same time. As the fire was a 24 hour confinement and hunting needed the whole party, the party started to take sides. Ralphs fire would be the sensible thing to do to get rescued however hunting would bob up the standard of living for all the boys and would also be a luxury, recreational event. The fire was hard work and immediate results were none even though long-term results would be better. The hunting side wins eventually. In Australia today we are spending beyond our ability to afford this spending. This means we have a great inflow of goods and services but as a community w e are cheating ourselves as this leads to a current account deficit and the cost of living in this deficit must be paid plus the deficit. In this books case, the deficit was their morals and the interest was paid in life.

Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Flies is about a mini-society of boys formed by chance. Their isolation from adults forced reality upon them and so they had to think for themselves and work together. As a commentary of todays society it does well to explain some of todays issues like violence, laws, pride, greed, fear, apparitional power and the conflict between living in a civilised society or savagery. It is all about the choice the boys made when life became real. In the beginning their lives were controlled and protected by their parents, teachers and police officers. Jack cannot kill the pig even though he can eat meat because of the "enormity of the prod descending and cutting into living flesh." (p 41). Roger cannot hit the boys with the stones even though he could if he wanted to because he has been conditioned by the society he utilize to live in. This is the type of society the children live in. Everything is a game until the beast. The beast signals the end of the games and st art of reality. Lives are at stake in perspective of the boys and choice must occur in any form. Our society is much like this as todays society is also about survival and what choices we make to survive. The mini-society started off peaceful. The offer was to set a signal send word and live off fruit until help came. The conflict came when the fire and hunting could not be committed to at the same time. As the fire was a 24 hour task and hunting needed the whole party, the party started to take sides. Ralphs fire would be the commonsense thing to do to get rescued however hunting would lift the standard of living for all the boys and would also be a luxury, recreational event. The fire was hard work and immediate results were none even though long-term results would be better. The hunting side wins eventually. In Australia today we are spending beyond our ability to afford this spending. This means we have a great influx of goods and services but as a community we are cheating ourselves as this leads to a current account deficit and the cost of living in this deficit must be paid plus the deficit. In this books case, the deficit was their moral philosophy and the interest was paid in life.

Answer to the Corporate Finance

Chapter 14 Capital Structure in a Perfect Market 14-1. take up a project with throw in the towel cash flows in one year of $130,000 or $180,000, with in all(prenominal) outcome being equally likely. The sign investment undeniable for the project is $ one C,000, and the projects live of working cap is 20%. The insecurity-free touch calculate is 10%. a. What is the NPV of this project? b. call back that to mounting the funds for the initial investment, the project is sold to investors as an all- right substantial. The justice holders depart receive the cash flows of the project in one year. How much money can be elevated in this waythat is, what is the initial market appreciate of the unlevered equity? . a. Suppose the initial $100,000 is instead raised by get at the risk-free interest rate. What atomic number 18 the cash flows of the levered equity, and what is its initial value according to MM? E ? C (1)? = ? ? 1 (130, 000 + 180, 000) = 155, 000, 2 155, 000 NPV = ? 100, 000 = 129,167 ? 100, 000 = $29,167 1. 20 155, 000 = 129,167 1. 20 b. c. impartiality value = PV ( C (1)) = Debt payments = 100, 000, equity receives 20,000 or 70,000. Initial value, by MM, is 129,167 ? 100, 000 = $29,167 . 14-2. You are an entrepreneur starting a biotechnology rigid. If your research is successful, the technology can be sold for $30 meg.If your research is unsuccessful, it will be worth nothing. To fund your research, you need to raise $2 one million million million. Investors are willing to provide you with $2 million in initial keen in exchange for 50% of the unlevered equity in the firm. a. What is the total market value of the firm without leverage? b. Suppose you borrow $1 million. match to MM, what fraction of the firms equity will you need to sell to raise the additional $1 million you need? c. What is the value of your get by of the firms equity in cases (a) and (b)? a. b. c. Total value of equity = 2 ? 2m = $4m MM says total value of firm is s till $4 million. $1 million of debt implies total value of equity is $3 million. Therefore, 33% of equity must be sold to raise $1 million. In (a), 50% ? $4m = $2m. In (b), 2/3 ? $3m = $2m. Thus, in a perfect market the choice of chapiter expression does not affect the value to the entrepreneur. 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as scholar residency Berk/DeMarzo integrated Finance, Second variance 14-3. 185 Acort Industries owns assets that will have an 80% probability of having a market value of $50 million in one year.There is a 20% chance that the assets will be worth only $20 million. The current risk-free rate is 5%, and Acorts assets have a cost of capital of 10%. a. If Acort is unlevered, what is the current market value of its equity? b. Suppose instead that Acort has debt with a face value of $20 million due in one year. According to MM, what is the value of Acorts equity in this case? c. What is the evaluate upshot of Acorts equity without leverage? What is the pass judgment return of Acorts equity with leverage? d. What is the lowest possible realized return of Acorts equity with and without leverage? . b. c. d. 14-4. EValue in one year = 0. 8 ( 50 ) + 0. 2 ( 20 ) = 44 . E = D= 44 = $40m. 1. 10 20 = 19. 048 . Therefore, E = 40 ? 19. 048 = $20. 952m. 1. 05 44 44 ? 20 ? 1 = 10% , with leverage, r = ? 1 = 14. 55%. 40 20. 952 20 0 ? 1 = ? 50% , with leverage, r = ? 1 = ? 100%. 40 20. 952 Without leverage, r= Without leverage, r= Wolfrum Technology (WT) has no debt. Its assets will be worth $450 million in one year if the providence is strong, but only $200 million in one year if the economy is weak. Both events are equally likely. The market value today of its assets is $250 million. . What is the expected return of WT seam without leverage? b. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 5%. If WT borrows $100 million today at this rate and uses the proceeds to pay an immediate cash dividend, what will be the market value of its equity hon ourable after the dividend is paid, according to MM? c. What is the expected return of MM stock after the dividend is paid in part (b)? a. b. c. 14-5. (. 5 ? 450+. 5 ? 200)/250 = 1. 30 = 30% E + D = 250, D = 100 = E = 150 (. 5 ? (450-105) + . 5 ? (200-105))/150 = 1. 4667 = 46. 67% Suppose there are no taxes.Firm first rudiment has no debt, and firm XYZ has debt of $ d0 on which it pays interest of 10% severally year. Both companies have identical projects that generate free cash flows of $800 or $ guanine each year. After paying any interest on debt, both companies use all rest free cash flows to pay dividends each year. a. Fill in the table below showing the payments debt and equity holders of each firm will receive given each of the two possible levels of free cash flows. b. Suppose you hold 10% of the equity of ABC. What is another portfolio you could hold that would provide the resembling cash flows? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 186 Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance, Second Edition c. Suppose you hold 10% of the equity of XYZ. If you can borrow at 10%, what is an alternative strategy that would provide the same cash flows? ABC Debt Payments legality Dividends 0 800 0 1000 XYZ Debt Payments Equity Dividends 500 300 500 500 a. FCF $800 $1,000 b. c. 14-6. Unlevered Equity = Debt + Levered Equity. Buy 10% of XYZ debt and 10% of XYZ Equity, get 50 + (30,50) = (80,100) Levered Equity = Unlevered Equity + Borrowing. Borrow $500, buy 10% of ABC, receive (80,100) 50 = (30, 50)Suppose important Industries and izzard Technology have identical assets that generate identical cash flows. Alpha Industries is an all-equity firm, with 10 million shares outstanding that workmanship for a price of $22 per share. Omega Technology has 20 million shares outstanding as well as debt of $60 million. a. According to MM marriage proposal I, what is the stock price for Omega Technology? b. Suppose Omega Technology stock soon trades for $11 per sha re. What trade opportunity is available? What assumptions are necessary to exploit this opportunity? a. b. V(alpha) = 10 ? 22 = 220m = V(omega) = D + E ?E = 220 60 = 160m ? p = $8 per share. Omega is overpriced. Sell 20 Omega, buy 10 alpha, and borrow 60. Initial = 220 220 + 60 = 60. plays we can trade shares at current prices and that we can borrow at the same terms as Omega (or own Omega debt and can sell at same price). 14-7. Cisoft is a highly profitable technology firm that soon has $5 billion in cash. The firm has decided to use this cash to buy shares from investors, and it has already announced these plans to investors. Currently, Cisoft is an all-equity firm with 5 billion shares outstanding. These shares currently trade for $12 per share.Cisoft has issued no other securities except for stock options given to its employees. The current market value of these options is $8 billion. a. What is the market value of Cisofts non-cash assets? b. With perfect capital markets, what is the market value of Cisofts equity after the share repurchase? What is the value per share? a. Assets = cash + non-cash, Liabilities = equity + options, Non-cash assets = equity + options cash = 12 ? 5 + 8 5 = 63 billion. Equity = 60 5 =55. Repurchase Per share value = 55 = $12 . 4. 583 5b = 0. 417b shares ? 4. 583 b shares remain. 12 b. 14-8.Schwartz Industry is an industrial company with 100 million shares outstanding and a market capitalization (equity value) of $4 billion. It has $2 billion of debt outstanding. Management have decided to delever the firm by issuing sassy equity to repay all outstanding debt. a. How many stark naked shares must the firm issue? b. Suppose you are a shareowner holding 100 shares, and you disagree with this decision. Assuming a perfect capital market, describe what you can do to undo the effect of this decision. a. Share price = 4b/100m = $40, erupt 2b/40 = 50 million shares 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallBerk /DeMarzo Corporate Finance, Second Edition 187 b. You can undo the effect of the decision by borrowing to buy additional shares, in the same proportion as the firms actions, thus relevering your own portfolio. In this case you should buy 50 unsanded shares and borrow $2000. 14-9. Zetatron is an all-equity firm with 100 million shares outstanding, which are currently trading for $7. 50 per share. A month ago, Zetatron announced it will change its capital structure by borrowing $100 million in short-term debt, borrowing $100 million in long-term debt, and issuing $100 million of best-loved stock.The $300 million raised by these issues, plus another $50 million in cash that Zetatron already has, will be used to repurchase existing shares of stock. The exercise is scheduled to occur today. Assume perfect capital markets. a. What is the market value balance sheet for Zetatron i. Before this transaction? ii. After the new(a) securities are issued but before the share repurchase? iii. After the share repurchase? b. At the conclusion of this transaction, how many shares outstanding will Zetatron have, and what will the value of those shares be? . i. ii. A = 50 cash + 700 non-cash L = 750 equity A = 350 cash + 700 non-cash L = 750 equity + 100 short-term debt + 100 long-term debt + 100 preferred stock iii. A = 700 non-cash L = cd equity + 100 short-term debt + 100 long-term debt + 100 preferred stock b. 14-10. Repurchase 350 400 = 46. 67 shares ? 53. 33 remain. Value is = 7. 50. 7. 50 53. 33 Explain what is wrong with the following argument If a firm issues debt that is risk free, because there is no casualty of default, the risk of the firms equity does not change.Therefore, risk-free debt allows the firm to get the proceeds of a low cost of capital of debt without raising its cost of capital of equity. Any leverage raises the equity cost of capital. In fact, risk-free leverage raises it the most (because it does not share any of the risk). 14-11. Consider the entrepreneur expound in Section 14. 1 (and referenced in Tables 14. 114. 3). Suppose she funds the project by borrowing $750 rather than $500. a. According to MM Proposition I, what is the value of the equity? What are its cash flows if the economy is strong? What are its cash flows if the economy is weak?What is the risk premium of equity in each case? What is the sensitivity of the levered equity return to systematic risk? How does its sensitivity compare to that of unlevered equity? How does its risk premium compare to that of unlevered equity? What is the firms WACC in this case? b. What is the return of the equity in each case? What is its expected return? c. d. What is the debt-equity proportionality of the firm in this case? e. a. b. E = 1000 750 = 250. CF = (1400,900) 500 (1. 05) = (612. 5,112. 5) Re = (145%, 55%), ERe = 45%, Risk premium = 45% 5% = 40% 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 88 Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance, Second Edition c. d. e. 14-12. Return sensitivity = 145% (-55%) = 200%. This sensitivity is 4x the sensitivity of unlevered equity (50%). Its risk premium is also 4x that of unlevered equity (40% vs. 10%). 750 = 3x 250 25%(45%)+75%(5%) = 15% Hardmon Enterprises is currently an all-equity firm with an expected return of 12%. It is considering a leveraged recapitalization in which it would borrow and repurchase existing shares. a. Suppose Hardmon borrows to the top that its debt-equity proportionality is 0. 50. With this amount of debt, the debt cost of capital is 6%.What will the expected return of equity be after this transaction? b. Suppose instead Hardmon borrows to the pinnacle that its debt-equity ratio is 1. 50. With this amount of debt, Hardmons debt will be much riskier. As a result, the debt cost of capital will be 8%. What will the expected return of equity be in this case? c. A senior manager argues that it is in the best interest of the shareholders to choose the capital structure that lead s to the highest expected return for the stock. How would you respond to this argument? a. b. c. 14-13. re = ru + d/e(ru rd) = 12% + 0. 50(12% 6%) = 15% re = 12% + 1. 0(12% 8%) = 18% Returns are high because risk is higherthe return fairly compensates for the risk. There is no free lunch. Suppose Microsoft has no debt and an equity cost of capital of 9. 2%. The average debt-to-value ratio for the software industry is 13%. What would its cost of equity be if it took on the average amount of debt for its industry at a cost of debt of 6%? At a cost of debt of 6% D (rU ? rD ) E 0. 13 rE = 0. 092 + (0. 092 ? 0. 06) 0. 87 = 0. 0968 rE = rU + = 9. 68%. 14-14. Global Pistons (GP) has common stock with a market value of $200 million and debt with a value of $100 million.Investors expect a 15% return on the stock and a 6% return on the debt. Assume perfect capital markets. a. Suppose GP issues $100 million of new stock to buy back the debt. What is the expected return of the stock after t his transaction? i. If the risk of the debt does not change, what is the expected return of the stock after this transaction? b. Suppose instead GP issues $50 million of new debt to repurchase stock. ii. If the risk of the debt increases, would the expected return of the stock be higher or lower than in part (i)? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallBerk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance, Second Edition 2 (15% ) 6% + = 12% = ru . 3 3 189 a. b. wacc = i. re = ru + d / e ( ru ? rd ) = 12 + 150 (12 ? 6) = 18% 150 ii. if rd is higher, re is lower. The debt will share some of the risk. 14-15. Hubbard Industries is an all-equity firm whose shares have an expected return of 10%. Hubbard does a leveraged recapitalization, issuing debt and repurchasing stock, until its debt-equity ratio is 0. 60. Due to the increased risk, shareholders now expect a return of 13%. Assuming there are no taxes and Hubbards debt is risk free, what is the interest rate on the debt? acc = ru = 10% = 1 0. 6 x ? 1. 6 (10) ? 13 = 3 = 0. 6 x ? x = 5% 13% + 1. 6 1. 6 14-16. Hartford Mining has 50 million shares that are currently trading for $4 per share and $200 million worth of debt. The debt is risk free and has an interest rate of 5%, and the expected return of Hartford stock is 11%. Suppose a mining strike causes the price of Hartford stock to fall 25% to $3 per share. The value of the risk-free debt is unchanged. Assuming there are no taxes and the risk (unlevered beta) of Hartfords assets is unchanged, what happens to Hartfords equity cost of capital? u = wacc = 1 1 200 (11) + (5) = 8% . re = 8% + (8% ? 5%) = 12% 2 2 150 14-17. Mercer Corp. is an all equity firm with 10 million shares outstanding and $100 million worth of debt outstanding. Its current share price is $75. Mercers equity cost of capital is 8. 5%. Mercer has just announced that it will issue $350 million worth of debt. It will use the proceeds from this debt to pay off its existing debt, and use the remaining $250 million to pay an immediate dividend. Assume perfect capital markets. a. Estimate Mercers share price just after the recapitalization is announced, but before the transaction occurs. . Estimate Mercers share price at the conclusion of the transaction. (Hint use the market value balance sheet. ) c. Suppose Mercers existing debt was risk-free with a 4. 25% expected return, and its new debt is risky with a 5% expected return. Estimate Mercers equity cost of capital after the transaction. a. b. MM = no change, $75 Initial enterprise value = 75 ? 10 + 100 = 850 million New debt = 350 million E = 850 350 = 500 Share price = 500/10 = $50 c. Ru = (750/850) ? 8. 5% + (100/850) ? 4. 25% = 8% Re = 8% + 350/500(8% 5%) = 10. 1% 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Prentice Hall 190 14-18. Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance, Second Edition In June 2009, Apple Computer had no debt, total equity capitalization of $128 billion, and a (equity) beta of 1. 7 (as reported on Google Finance). includ e in Apples assets was $25 billion in cash and risk-free securities. Assume that the risk-free rate of interest is 5% and the market risk premium is 4%. a. c. What is Apples enterprise value? What is Apples WACC? b. What is the beta of Apples business assets? a. b. 128-25=103 million Because the debt is risk free, ?U = E ? E E+D 128 = (1. 7) 103 = 2. 11 c. rWACC = rf + ? ( E RMkt ? rf ) = 5 + 2. 11? 4 = 13. 4% alternatively rE = rf + ? E ( E RMkt ? rf ) = 5 + 1. 7 ? 4 = 11. 8% E D $128 $25 rE + rD = (11. 8%) ? (5%) = 13. 4% E+D E+D $103 $103 rwacc = 14-19. Indell stock has a current market value of $120 million and a beta of 1. 50. Indell currently has risk-free debt as well. The firm decides to change its capital structure by issuing $30 million in additional risk-free debt, and then using this $30 million plus another $10 million in cash to repurchase stock.With perfect capital markets, what will be the beta of Indell stock after this transaction? Indell increases its clams deb t by $40 million ($30 million in new debt + $10 million in cash paid out). Therefore, the value of its equity decreases to 120 40 = $80 million. If the debt is risk-free D ? ?u ( E + D ) EV = ? u ? , ? = E? E E ? e = ? u ? 1 + ? ? where D is net debt, and EV is enterprise value . The only change in the equation is the value of equity. Therefore ? = ? e e E 120 = 1. 50 = 2. 25. E 80 14-20. Yerba Industries is an all-equity firm whose stock has a beta of 1. and an expected return of 12. 5%. Suppose it issues new risk-free debt with a 5% yield and repurchases 40% of its stock. Assume perfect capital markets. a. What is the beta of Yerba stock after this transaction? b. What is the expected return of Yerba stock after this transaction? Suppose that prior to this transaction, Yerba expected hire per share this approaching year of $1. 50, with a forward P/E ratio (that is, the share price divided by the expected earnings for the coming year) of 14. 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publish ing as Prentice Hall Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance, Second Edition . 191 What is Yerbas expected earnings per share after this transaction? Does this change benefit shareholders? Explain. d. What is Yerbas forward P/E ratio after this transaction? Is this change in the P/E ratio reasonable? Explain. a. b. ?e = ? u (1 + d / e ) = 1. 2 ? 1 + ? ? 40 ? ?=2 60 ? 12. 5 ? 5 = 6. 25 ? re = 5 + 2 ( 6. 25) = 17. 5% from the CAPM, or 1. 2 re = r f + b rm ? r f ? rm ? r f = ( ) re = ru + d / e ( ru ? rd ) = 12. 5 + c. 40 (12. 5 ? 5) = 17. 5 60 p = 14 (1. 50 ) = $21 . Borrow 40%(21) = 8. 4, interest = 5%(8. 4) = 0. 42. Earnings = 1. 50 0. 42 = 1. 08, per share = . 08 = 1. 80. 0. 60 No benefit risk is higher. The stock price does not change. d. 14-21. PE = 21 = 11. 67 . It falls due to higher risk. 1. 80 You are CEO of a high- bringth technology firm. You plan to raise $180 million to fund an expansion by issuing any new shares or new debt. With the expansion, you expect earnings next year of $24 million. The firm currently has 10 million shares outstanding, with a price of $90 per share. Assume perfect capital markets. a. If you raise the $180 million by selling new shares, what will the forecast for next years earnings per share be? b.If you raise the $180 million by issuing new debt with an interest rate of 5%, what will the forecast for next years earnings per share be? c. What is the firms forward P/E ratio (that is, the share price divided by the expected earnings for the coming year) if it issues equity? What is the firms forward P/E ratio if it issues debt? How can you explain the difference? a. Issue 180 = 2 million new shares ? 12 million shares outstanding. 90 24 = $2. 00 per share. 12 New EPS = b. Interest on new debt = 180 ? 5% = $9 million. The interest expense will quash earnings to 24 9 15 = $1. 50 per share. $15 million. With 10 million shares outstanding, EPS = 10 By MM, share price is $90 in either case. PE ratio with equity issue is PE ratio with d ebt is $90 = 60 . 1. 50 90 = 45 . 2 c. The higher PE ratio is justified because with leverage, EPS will grow at a faster rate. 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 192 14-22. Berk/DeMarzo Corporate Finance, Second Edition Zelnor, Inc. , is an all-equity firm with 100 million shares outstanding currently trading for $8. 50 per share. Suppose Zelnor decides to grant a total of 10 million new shares to employees as part of a new compensation plan.The firm argues that this new compensation plan will motivate employees and is a better strategy than giving salary bonuses because it will not cost the firm anything. a. If the new compensation plan has no effect on the value of Zelnors assets, what will be the share price of the stock once this plan is enforced? b. What is the cost of this plan for Zelnors investors? Why is issuing equity costly in this case? a. b. Assets = 850m. New shares = 110. ? price = 850 = $7. 73 110 Cost = 100(8. 50 7. 73) = 77 m = 10(7. 73). I ssuing equity at below market price is costly. 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Hamlet’s Love for Ophelia

Hamlet is noted as being unrivalled of Shakespe atomic number 18an most puzzling and darkest plays. While the play has a concise story, there are numerous doubts relating to different issues behind the plot. One issue that is never truly resolved deals with the true feelings of Prince Hamlet, and whether he in fact basks Aphelia. The word love is super commanding, and the concept of love may be hard to grasp when one of the lovers remains undecided. In Act Ill, Scene 1, Hamlet claims to have lovedAphelia however, four lines later, he states that he does not love her anymore. This makes it difficult to decipher when Hamlet is truly in love, as his feeling towards Aphelia regularly change. This confusing cycle is due to Hamlets mania, and is further influenced by Hamlet constantly being pushed to his limits due to anguish and sorrow. Hamlet is portrayed as an unconventional lover, which explains why he sends mixed messages that drink Aphelia, making her question whether or not his feelings for her are true.Two people who are in love would not want to risk the chance of hurting one another because to them it is not worth it. Hamlet does not think in this manner, which raises the question of whether the love between them is strong enough to have lasted through the funny house and difficulty in Hamlets life. It is true that Hamlets love for Aphelia is debatable however, when analyzing the go thy ways to a nunnery interaction, the dispute with Alerter, and Hamlets twisted affection towards Aphelia, one can see that his love is authentic.

FMB&T Case Study Essay

This case study is all about a bank by the build of FMB&T. Recently, the CEO and President of FMB&T, Marshall Pinkard, received an e-mail from a Vice President of the company, Ayishia Coles, who besides happens to be the companys Chief Information Officer. Ayishia describe to Marshall with several frustrations. She was having problems with her job because she didnt have clear cut responsibilities or authorities, which had caused her some trouble in how to bridge player with people who had come to her for IT solutions. She had explicit that employees from several departments had come to her with problems she could non understand because they were poorly described. She had also expressed that these employees that came to her expected immediate results, but when she tried to be an administrator or facilitator, her efforts were not responded to with at large(p) arms. The some other departments problems disciplinemed to all be very complex and required a lot of time for the IT d epartment to fix, which irritated the other departments in the bank. Ayishias last frustration seemed to be that the IT department seemed to simply thrash in applications development and only had a responsibility to fix the problems of the other departments in the bank. She famed that the IT department had some good ideas for business strategies involving IT developments, but their ideas seemed to be shunned or neglected. Marshall seemed to agree with Ayishia in her request for a formal copy of her authorities and responsibilities, but also pondered the idea that maybe Ayishia had uncovered a major(ip) government activityal problem passim the bank.Ayishias main frustrations stemmed from her lack of a ruleing of authority, although she was an executive Vice President. It seems as though workers in the bank have a problem respecting her, and the study hints that it might be because shes however new and the employees arent as familiar with her and her duties yet. Ayishia may have asked for a formal copy of her duties and forces because she is new and wants something formal from the President to give her and the other employees throughout the company a feel for what her job exactly is. That way Ayishia will feel to a greater extent confident in her actions and employees will be more open to her help. If I am Marshall Pinkard, I take the situation one step at a time. On one hand, the feeling that Ayishia, amajor leader in the company, is not respected hints that maybe it is time for a massive overhaul in the companys organizational structure. You can switch the argument that the situation will get better with time, but t here(predicate) are other factors that say otherwise. on that point are problems within the IT department where they essentially believe they are lab rats and do a lot of the dirty work for the other parts of the company, while their ideas about improving the bank as a whole seem to be ignored. So Ayishia is a new executive and her departm ent seems to be not only neglected but also under a lot of fire for performing under expectations. That situation poses quite the conflict for Pinkard in that maybe its just that Ayishia is new and hasnt fully settled in yet, like Marshall expected before he opened the e-mail. Maybe the IT department is just having a rough reconcile with the problems recently, which could possibly be fixed with minor adjustments. But, at the same time, the IT department seems to be integrated in a lot of the banks functions and they feel like the runt of the bank in that they are underused and their good ideas are going to waste.Maybe it is time for the bank to give the IT department more power or place them higher up in the order of the business. All of these factors will add to why Marshall will have to gather more information and make a decision very carefully. As far as Marshalls actions, his first should be to give Ayishia her formal name of responsibilities and authorities as soon as possibl e. She is the Chief Information Officer, so she should have complete control over the IT personnel and department as a whole, which she doesnt feel like she has. Next, since the situation is pretty delicate, I would think that the best course of action for right now would be to try the beautiful adjustments for 6 months or so, and then assess the situation again. With that said, the bank has been growing with the way it has been currently organized, and a massive overhaul could result in hazardous news. Clarifying Ayishias roles and duties will hopefully make her life easier, and I would have to see how the bank will react to her after she is given that information. There are several other things that could have been the root of the problems Ayishia described, and now that I am aware of them, I want a trial period to see what exactly she was talking about and how to improve those problems. When reassessing the situation, I would take into account how the work environment changes i n the trial period, taking note of how Ayishia workswith other employees. I would also take into account what troubles the IT department comes into when helping other members of the bank, and whether or not those troubles are due to the information system currently in place. In general, the main thing to do would be to see how the bank runs after Ayishia feels more comfortable with her job and evaluate the company before devising a decision. As far as organization of the IT Department should go, I think that President of the large local branch has a point that soul IT departments would save a lot of time and unnecessary work from corporate.However, the individual IT departments would need to be checked upon by corporate routinely and corporate should remedy have some controls over each department. Ayishias work scope would expand with making sure these departments are up to standard, but I would go with individual IT departments at each branch. However, instead of getting rid of several employees in Ayishias department, I would assign them all to work for the various branches and work as corporate delegates, since they are already familiar with how corporates system currently works. They would be the branchs link to corporate and deal with getting what the branch ask from corporate. That way, corporate still has some control, but each IT department could meet their individual needs faster as well.Overall, Ayishias situation has raised a cause for c at a timern and improvement through FMB&T bank. Ayishias troubles with her job will hopefully be fixed once she receives a formal copy of her responsibilities and authorities, which will be given to her immediately. Marshall Pinkard needs to handle this delicate situation carefully, since he has limited information. He needs some time to do a little trial and error to gather more information and test out making small adjustments here and there. Once Marshall has seen what he needs to see, then it is time to asse ss whether or not a major overhaul of the banks organization is actually needed. Ayishias e-mail will hopefully bring the company to make the improvements it needs to.

Reaction Paper to Chapter 6: Sedative-Hypnotics: the Other Depressants

Rachel Johnson Chemical Dependence chapter reaction paper 10/24/12 (due 10/23) Chapter 6 Sedative-Hyp nonics The Other Depressants Brief Summary This chapter described sedative-hyp nonic drugs. They were said to be depressants to the central nervous system that set out a calming effect and type sleep. This category of drug is abused because it produces pleasurable responses and because it gives a feeling of relief from stress and worry. The chapter goes into detail explaining barbiturates and how they work, and specific barbiturates that have been popularly abused in the past.This chapter in like manner explains how some sedative-hypnotics have been found to be physically addictive while others have not. Different types of tranquilizers atomic number 18 described, along with others antianxiety medications and these are both explained as macrocosm drugs that stack abuse and become dependent upon. Categories of inhalants including aerosols are also discussed and described as not being physically addictive, but creating of a drunken-like state such as is obtained from alcohol use when they are abused.What was learned In reading this chapter I learned which drugs are included in the category of those that produce sedative-hypnotic effects. I also learned about many products that are not intended for ingestion that are used as drugs such as aerosols and commercials solvents, which produce sedative-hypnotic effects. Because many sedative-hypnotic drugs are used and abused by people to produce sleep, this chapter taught me alternatives that are healthier for getting to sleep that do not involve any drug intake.Overall I also learned how these types of drugs are different from other types and what separates sedative-hypnotics into their own category. Personal insights This was another overwhelming chapter for me because I did not even really have a grasp that this was a category of drugs before reading the chapter. Now I have a better-rounded grasp of what subs tances are included in the world of abused drugs.I feel frustration after reading this chapter because it added so many more types of drugs and substances that are abused to how many I have already found out about so far, and I dont feel like I will ever be able to keep all the differences between categories and individual drugs straight. How this chapter helped me in learning to understand the affection of addiction The biggest thing I took away from this chapter that helps me to understand the disease of addiction is that not all abused substances are addictive in every way.Some drugs/substances are not physically addictive, but they can motionless be abused because of the good feelings obtained through their use. This is true for aerosols and commercial solvents no physical dependence has been found to these substances when abused, but they are continuously abused by people because of the feelings of euphoria they can produce. So I understand better that some abused substances do not produce physical addiction, but are still abused and still have very dangerous effects.

Socius Meaning And The Neighbor

The socius and the dwell are two ways of relating with others. The socius pertains to the blood with a gathering or a person through friendly function. In my understanding, this is a functional kind of relationship based on ones commemorate such(prenominal) as a student, for example, for macrocosm a give away of an organization. Thus, in other words, the socius is the arbitrate relationship I have with others. The populate however, is a ad hominem way of acquireing the other as a person. Its a relationship that develops deeper in degrees. It usually starts from an initial encounter that develops into a higher level of intimacy.Therefore, the neighbor is the abrupt relationship with others. On The Level of Astonishment In the parable of The Good Samaritan, the Levite and the priest were surprised by the event they encountered before them but since they had a prior commitment and being a responsible member of an institution, they were unavailable to entertain the man. The tra veler however did not have any institution to assist to which makes him available for the man in need. Through the encounter, the traveler became present to the man. His behavior is his natural character because hes doing such an act without an institution being a catalyst.The Last Judgment on the other hand unveils the prophecy regarding the encounter of the Samaritan with the man. It is astonishing for the Samaritan to know the meaning of his simple, compassionate act. The Samaritan symbolizes the great acts of humans and encounter Christ in a way. Through this the message Go and do likewise is made known. On The Level of Reflection There is no such thing as a neighbor if we base it on Sociology because according to its definition, Sociology is the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings.That is why in this point of view, the neighbor is called a man of regret, dreams and myth meaning it doesnt exist . The socius would refer the neighbor as outdated. The parable of the Good Samaritan would bring us to the objurgation that if there are no beggars to be given charity in the future where humankind will no longer suffer or subsist hunger, because of mens ability to evolve technology, then theres no place for a neighbor. People will be a part of an association and the parable and the prophecy will have lost its meaning.This would bring us to the understanding that the socius is the man of history meaning he can throw up the olden times. On The Level of Meditation Both the socius and the neighbor are two dimensions of relating with others, an encounter. It shows how human relationship is in the current society. The neighbor is the private relationship we share with others and the socius is the publicity we make with our colleagues. In reality, there is no safe abode in our private lives without the protection of a public administration.Therefore the neighbor emerges from the socius . But also, man is awakened when he is socially stripped. Charity is humble. It is the common intention of the socius and the neighbor, their common ground. The socius and the neighbor are the two faces of charity. It is charity that gives meaning to the social interaction and to the event of the encounter. An encounter is not dependent on history with its disputation between the socius and the neighbor. But history ropes the extent of charity.

How the Internet may impact your career Essay

The evolutions and advances in engine room have indeed expanded the frontiers of military man. Every facet of mans life has been changed by the new technological innovations that have been introduced. Life has become so much easier yet at the same snip it seems to a greater extentover that life has also been turned into something more complicated. It cannot be denied, however, that the future of humanity lies in being able to embrace and adapt to technology. Technology has done a lot for human beings.With reveal the development in technology it is possible that the pyramids would never have been built and neither would we be able to communicate with each early(a) from remote places all over the human. Given all of these effects of the internet, it comes as no surprise that fortunes and dreams can be made or undone on the internet. As a young individual who has so much planned in life, I feel that the internet presents a unique challenge and a myriad of opportunities. In the fie ld of business, there have been various innovations that have been introduced with applications to the field of business.One of them is website development that is custom made to the test ad requirements of a certain gild. Office animation tools like computers, telephones and fax machines be an different set of technologically introduced changes that are very vital in todays world. As such, the website as a platform that has aided business development into embracing the global food markets is something that must not be overlooked. This is an enterprise arm of technology that has a lot of potential. As such this allows companies to advertise their products and also buy things through online links.This internet technology has really opened up the global market so that mess can today transact business even without ever getting into physical contact with others. It is this feature of enterprise technology that I find myself intrigued with. As a selling expert, I find enterprise tec hnology to be very helpful in communication. I know that I allow for use the internet to carry out advertisement campaigns to various destinations. The internet is also very handy in getting the best grunge to market goods and also to find very good suppliers of raw materials.The immense network that is available online can be a headache to those who are not well familiar with it but it can also be a gold mine of opportunities for people such as me who see the future of marketing and supply chain management hinged upon that internet backbone. It is hard to imagine life without email nowadays. The only efficient means of communication, with efficient meaning that the message is delivered deep down seconds, is either through the cellular phone or through email via the internet.It is even more impossible to imagine how people could work under raft that denied them access to the latest communication technologies or even technology at all. As the developments in the electronics and c ommunications technology continues to improve and advance, it will no time-consuming be far off to imagine a world where nobody is walking the streets and everyone is hooked up to their computers interacting with each other in a world where they can be their own gods and dictate their own destinies without even breaking a sweat.Instead of just seeing an image of another person online, it may actually be possible to experience the sensation of feeling and touching that person. Perhaps one of the most influential business innovations over the past age has been the growth of e-commerce transactions. The reason for this is that it has allowed several online business companies to take their businesses to another level.Where the internet was defined by being able to create money through chaw and investing on the next big development, the growth of e-commerce transactions has removed all speculation and allowed the market forces to supply and transact in real time involving billions of dollars. One will be hard pressed to find companies that have not taken to the internet to expand their markets and even perhaps smooth out their logistics. It is not only the market access but the ease by which functions of business can be carried out online that makes this such an interesting development.A company that has a website can carry out all the business transactions over the internet. Various activities done over the website include advertising the products of the company, illustrating the various prices that are applicable for each of the items and also illustrating channels of delivery. Companies can develop a communication avenue over the internet so that they can collect views of people and also respond to any questions as they arise. Websites can also be used to advertise vacancies for employment especially when the company is in need of recruiting more people for empty positions.Enterprise technology has also provided an avenue through which companies can make mor e money to add to the revenue that is received in the company. As such, the growth of e-commerce online has made all of this possible. E-commerce provides a quicker and easier alternative. The enormous variety of items made available online makes cyberspace the largest mall in the perfect world. A single search query on any internet browser will yield hundreds if not thousands of results.Combine that with the relative ease by which a person can also research on the pros and cons of items and a wise shopper is created. The variety on ebay, the largest online auction store in the world, is abounding to fill the entire state of Texas. All the choices that are available online and the price advantage that is offered and the convenience all make the internet the shopping haven for any shopper. It is clear from this skeleton discussion that I see my career as being positively impacted by the internet.The boundless possibilities for anyone with the training but more importantly the int entness that are available on the internet are sure to allow me to fulfill my dreams. I guess in the short term I will need to bide my time and learn more about this industry but in the long run I see myself becoming an innovator in this field. The business aspects such as e-commerce and trade online are but one facet of this internet. There are so many others there for other people. This is why I am confident that the internet will be able to help not only myself but those who are bold enough with their careers.

Ethical language is meaningless Essay

Twentieth Century ethics has been highly dominated by linguistics. Ethicists outright worked to discover the meanings of terms such as good or bad. This goes beyond normative ethics such as Utilitarianism, Kantian ethics or Virtue ethics but rather looks at the usefulness and meaningfulness of good quarrel, known as Meta ethics. It in any case tries to understand the meaning of terms used in descriptive ethics usually used by sociologists. Ethical language can be divided into cognitive language which is realistic and objective, stacking honorable statements from nature and believing it to be true fact. On the other hand it can be non-cognitive, honorable language which is anti-realist and subjective. perspicuous Positivists, Ethical Naturalists and intuitionists believe estimable statements are true as the have a distinct purpose when using a particular word. Ethical Naturalists and Logical Positivists believe only Cognitive ethical language is true as it describes facts. Wher eas Descriptivists and Prescriptivists betoken, although when referring to ethical language it may be subjective, it still has significance and has meaning. In this essay I will prize to what extent ethical language is meaningful, arguing it is fair to state all ethical language offers some instruction to society and is therefore meaningful.Ethical Naturalists also argue ethical language has an underlined content of purpose. For example a knife is good if it cuts sharply. Therefore ethical language is showing what terms such as good mean through the content of purpose within an ethical statement and is therefore meaningful in informing us on ethical terms such as good or bad. However, ethical Naturalists disregard the complexity of ethical language. This critique is put forward by G.E. Moore, an intuitionist.Intuitionist G.E. Moore whose work is influenced by David Hume argues that it is wrong to derive an ought from an is. Although the world may be in a particular state it doesnt mean we can draw ethical terms from the natural word. Rather ethical language is sometimes used to discuss supernatural concepts such as God and therefore ethical naturalisms rock as to whyethical language is meaningful is absurd. Moore states we can still ask what is good? this leads to an open question argument which displays the ethical naturalist argument as to why ethical language is meaningful may not be full sufficient.However intuitionists do argue ethical language is meaningful but only due to the fact that intuition is used to conduct ethical statements. Moore uses the Simple Notion to suggest although we cannot fully describe what good is, we just know good is good and thats the end of the fact. He uses the analogy of yellow, stating just as we cant describe yellow without giving examples we cant describe good without referring to good with examples. It is therefore an indescribable truth.On the other hand A. J. Ayer argues ethical language is merely expressions of gen iuss inclinations, emotions and feelings. He worked closely with the Vienna Circle who brought about Logical Positivism. Due to their belief that ethical language was simply expressions of opinion they stated it is of short use. A J Ayer stated that there were only two types of meaningful statements analytical statements, 1s which contain the preposition with the statement e.g a bachelor is an unmarried man, and synthetic statements, which are those that can be tested by thought experience. Ethical statements do not fit into either of these categories and were therefore largely not meaningful to the Logical Positivists. Many may argue that this is a pessimistic and limited view of ethical language.In addition Hare goes beyond descriptivism, stating ethical statements are rattling prescriptive and therefore meaningful as they can act as imperatives. Not only are they saying boo to murder or holler to charity but stating I wouldnt steal, so neither should you or I will give to ch arity so so should you. In this sense ethical language is meaningful as not only does it provide universal norms or arouse feeling but place imperatives on what one sees as wrong or right, therefore offering some sense of guidelines to act ethically and morally. However one may argue why should one imperative be chosen over another?

Evidence-Based Policing Essay

The law of nature work of chip villainy is not on easy tack and requires many strategies, techniques and skills. To find the way to a sure problem police use their evidences to conduct a research to try to solve it. By examineing their ideas they burn down find out if the curtain approach to the problem does work or doesnt. The one of the advantages of evidence-based policing is that it design to ease fight crime. Evidence-based policing is design to find the best available solution to the problem and give other police officers in other reagents the information on how to deal with that problem. It creates certain rules and guidelines for the low enforcement agencies. There are defiantly some disadvantages to the evidence-based policing. One of them is usage of opinions, because evidence-based policing is strictly based on evidence it takes away importance of bulk involvement.If people can not express their opinion they lose interest and involvement. Another two disadvantages of evidence-based policing in mi opinion that police experiments are expensive and might take a long m to conduct. One of the examples that I was able to find on line is called The Flint Experiment. That experiment was conducted in 1977 and the conclusion of that experiment according to the NationalCenter for Community Policing was to decrease the amounts of criminal activities and to increase the citizens cognition of personal safety. The process of that experiment consisted of police officers patrolling the streets and not only fighting crime but also involving themselves in a community programs. That act of involvement in the community has resulted in decrease of the crime rates by 8.7 per centum.Another result of Evidence-Based Policingthat experiment is that citizens has started to handling minor problems by themselves which resolved in less calls of the citizens to the police. That allowed police to concentrate on more major problems. The second experiment that I plunge is called Kansas City Gun Experiment. The goal of that experiment was to reduce crime by seizures of illegal guns. The result of the experiment has shown according to US Department of Justice crime in those areas was reduced by 69 percent which shows the effectiveness of the experiment.ReferencesNational Center for Community Policing,The Impact of Foot Patrol on Black and unobjectionable Perceptions of Policing .Robert C. Trojanowicz, Retrieved on January 27, 2010. From http//www1.cj.msu.edu/people/cp/impact.htmlOffice of Justice Programs. Kansas City Gun Experiment Kansas City, MO Retrieved on January 26, 2010. Fromhttp//www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/pubs/ gun_violence/profile20.htmlSchmalleger, F. S. (2009). CRJ100 sad justice today An introductory text for the 21stcentury (10th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.

ICRC as an international organization Essay

I. submission The Inter discipline Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private gentlemanitarian constitution based in geneva, Switzerland. It is granted a unique role, according to supranational Humanitarian Law (IHL) as codified by the geneva rulers as well as customary supranational law, to protect the victims of international and internal armed conflicts. These victims include war wounded, prisoners, refugees, civilians and hors de combat. The unique relationship with IHL begins with its creation as a receipt to an increasing need to provide for care for those caught in the cruelties of war.As an actor in the field of IHL it is alike responsible for crafting many of IHLs norms. In sum, the ICRC is an independent neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection and avail for victims of war and armed violence. It has a permanent mandate under international law to take ingenuous action for prisoners, the wounded and ill, and civilians afflicted by conflict. Based in Geneva Switzerland , the ICRC has bases in 80 countries and has a total of more than 12,000 staff.In situations of conflict, the ICRC coordinates the response by National Red Cross and Red crescent(prenominal) societies and their International Federation. The ICRC is THE origin of INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN lawfulness, notably the Geneva radiation diagrams. The Red Cross is that rare entity in international relations, a non- politicsal sovereign body that is universally respected, crossing borders or battle lines with unusual ease, and possess of the integrity to solicit funds from public and private entities alike.Willingly or not, hostile parties permit delegations to trim prisoners of war or incarcerated terrorists, attend to refugees (e. g. victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami), protect targets of impending genocide, all while functional side by side with local medical and police authorities. In legal terms, the ICRC is specifically adjudge under International Humanita rian Law as a controlling authority by which is meant The spot of an organized assemblage of persons to manage, direct, superintend, restrict, and regulate itself.. outside the ambit of sovereign governments.The latest such affirmation is the Geneva Convention of 1949. In recognition of its non-partisan and cross-border involvements, the ICRC receives special privileges and legal immunities enshrined in the laws of every country that hosts a national chapter. Where multilateral bodies are concerned, international jurisprudence also leans toward many privileges and legal immunities for the ICRC. For example, ICRC delegates who have witnessed abuse and human rights violations in prisons and on the ground are exempted from taking the witness stand in international tribunals.The ICRC may have the characteristics of an international non-governmental organization (NGO) but it was not always so. At the start, membership in the Geneva headquarters was limited to Swiss nationals. As globa l presence became a fact of life, membership by nature opened up. Nonetheless, the fact is that the Red Cross straddles national borders without benefit of treaty or host government subsidy. Under Swiss law, the ICRC is defined as a private association that, under the terms of a 1993 agreement with the Swiss government, affords this charitable organization the sovereignty, immunity and rights of an embassy.These include the inviolability of Red Cross real property, funds, communications, development archives, and staff members. As well, ICRC personnel have the right to diplomatic-type passports, as well as the related rights of nontaxable transfer of goods and services. The ICRC is completely autonomous in the matter of legally recognizing national red Cross or Red Crescent Societies and accepting them into its fold. On admission, a national society gains full standing in the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.The ICRC and the Federation both work in partnership with the national societies when it comes to marshalling supplemental human, material, and financial resources, and organizing on-site logistics in international missions. By virtue of the 1997 Seville Agreement, the ICRC is the prolong Red Cross agency in international conflicts while local chapters take the lead in non-war situations. National societies will be given the lead especially when a conflict is happening inwardly their own country.The scale of its operations is exemplified by the fact that in 2005, the ICRC budget amounted to 970 million Swiss francs, impoverished down into 819. 7 million Swiss Francs for field work and another 152. 1 million Swiss francs for internal costs. Each year, every single franc has to be sourced from donation drives. In broad terms, the ICRC mounts Headquarters prayer to cover its internal costs and the Emergency Appeal for individual missions. By country, Switzerland, the United States, the E. U. Australia, Canada, Japan and juvenile Zealand contribute about 85% of the ICRC budget.Private gifts make up a puny 3% and the ease comes from the national Red Cross societies. 1 WWW. ICRC. org 2 Article 10 Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 exalted 1949. available at http//www. icrc. org/IHL. nsf/WebART/380-600013?(Last accessed) 3 ICRC Commentaries on Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. p99 4 special Protocol no. I Geneva Convention of 1949. THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed., 1995) 5 Additional Protocol I, art. 18THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995) 6 Rome Statute art. 8(2)(b)(vii) THE International unlawful homage Elements OF Crimes and Rules of Procedure 110 (Lee ed, 2001) Schabas, An Introduction to The International Criminal Court 43-4 (2001) Asian Forum for Human Rights Development, Primer on the Internat ional Criminal Court 9 (2000) 7 David P Forsythe , The Humanitarians The International Committee of the Red Cross, ( Cambridge , NY Cambridge University Press, 2005), 233.References ________________________________________ 1 WWW. ICRC. org 2 Article 10 Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. available at http//www. icrc. org/IHL. nsf/WebART/380-600013 (Last accessed) 3 ICRC Commentaries on Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva , 12 August 1949. p99 4 Additional Protocol no. I Geneva Convention of 1949. THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995).5 Additional Protocol I, art. 18 THE HAND BOOK OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN ARMED CONFLICTS 316 (Fleck Ed. , 1995) 6 Rome Statute art. 8(2)(b)(vii) THE International Criminal Court Elements OF Crimes and Rules of Procedure 110 (Lee ed, 2001) Schabas, An Introduction to The International Criminal Court 43 -4 (2001) Asian Forum for Human Rights Development, Primer on the International Criminal Court 9 (2000) 7 David P Forsythe , The Humanitarians The International Committee of the Red Cross, ( Cambridge , NY Cambridge University Press, 2005), 233.

Beautiful Mind Essay

John Nash first arrives as a new graduate student at Princeton University. There he meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. He also meets a group of other promising math and science graduate students.John sometimes goes come in to a bar with his fellow students to try to meet women, but is always unsuccessful. However, the experience is what ultimately inspires his work in the concept of governing dynamics, a theory in mathematical economics. After the conclusion of Johns studies as a student at Princeton, he accepts a teaching offer at a prestigious institution, along with his friends Sol and Bender. It is while at this post that he meets Alicia, a student with whom he falls in love and eventually marries. While at Princeton, Nash runs into his former roommate Charles and meets Charless untested niece Marcee.John Nash receives an invitation to the Pentagon to crack a complex encryption of enemy codes. He is able to decipher these codes m entally, impressing a certain mysterious William Parcher. This man later encourages John Nash to work for the government by looking for patterns in magazines and newspapers for a Soviet Plot. Involvement with Parcher came with chase scenes and gunfire, Nash eventually became paranoid and began behaving aggressively.In an attempt to help out a friend, Sol followed Nash during one of his late night top secret drop offs. Here Nash was seen placing enveloped documents in a mailbox at an abandoned establishment. Then one day during a lecture, Nash was caught trying to flee. He was sedated and sent to a psychiatric facility where he was interrogated.Alicia Nash, desperate to help her husband, visits the abandoned building single to find the never-opened top secret documents that Nash dropped there. She confronted her husband with this evidence, which at first he tried to deny true. finally he realized that William Parcher and the top secret missions were in fact all a delusion.He had to go through a painful series of insulin shock therapy sessions. Afterwards Nash is released on the condition that he agrees to clutch antipsychotic medication. These drugs however, had side effects that affected his relationship with his wife. Frustrated, He secretly stops taking medication, which triggered a relapse. While bathing their baby, Nash becomes distracted and wanders off. Fortunately his wife manages to save their child from drowning. When she confronts Nash, he claims that his friend Charles was honoring their son.Alicia was alarmed desperately trying to contact professional help. Charles, Marcee, and Parcher all appear to John and urge him to sweep away his wife rather than allow her to lock him up again. Just when Alicia was about to leave, Nash finally realizes that these people atomic number 18 not real when he observes that Marcee never gets old. Only then does he accept that all troika of these people are, in fact, part of his psychosis.From then on, Nash tri es to live with these delusions by ignoring them. In his struggle to ignore these hallucinations, he approaches his old friend and rival Martin Hansen, now head of Princeton University. He is accepted to teach again. He is honour by his fellow professors for his achievement in mathematics. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics for his revolutionary work on game theory. He got up and gave out his speech.

Accounting System Essay

Solving Problems a. A payroll shop assistant recorded 40-hour workweek for an employee who had quit the previous week. He then prepared a paycheck for this employee, tough her signature, and change the check. assault The payroll clerk only has an authority to prepare the paycheck, not to signature or specieed the checks. The signature of payroll is the duty of HR private instructor, while cashed the paychecks is the duties of the cashier, so, the payroll clerk has violated his/her wrinkle interpretation and his/her politics.Solution In this case, we mustiness maintain know job description and authorities to the clerk. Because the duty of clerk on this case is only record the activities happen. If all the job done by the clerk, the clerk sack illuminate a manipulation or some fraud for example, that the clerk turn a check but the check is not for the employee but for the clerk. So we must have soulfulness to control the clerk and cut it out when some misidentify happen . And to solve this case we can as well order someone to be the HR manager to make this case more secure from fraud. And for cashed the check we can give that job to cashier. After separate this duty and authorities we can smirch the risk.See moreMark Twains Humorous Satire in Running for regulator Essayb. While opening the mail, cashier set aside, and subsequently cashed, two checks payable to the company on account. Violation In this case, I think of the problem, is why the cashier opened the mail? I think this is clerk job. The cashier job is only spending the money. So we must make a novel job description for the cashier and the clerk.Solution So we can make solve this case by, runner base we must separate the cashier and clerk job. Make new job description for them. The cashier job is only spend the money if there is check payable. and for checking the mail is still the job of clerk. past before the check is transform to cash, still must have permission from pay manage r so there will be more responsibility in activities.c. A cashier prepared a fictitious invoice from a company using his br otherwise-in laws name. He sent an electronic payment for the invoice to his brother in law. Violation Cashier is not have a dear to make an invoice, the invoice must be prepared by A/P staff, and the cashier cannot make a payment before they got the assignment from the finance manager, there is no clear job description in this problem.Solution So in this case, we must make a clear job description. But before that, we must know there is a big fraud that cashier do. She make fictious invoice. To make clear this, we must give punishment to the cashier so they wont be do that anymore. After we clear that problem now we can make a new design of roll in the hay a invoice. Invoice only can issue if already have a permission from the finance manager, or other manager. Because invoice can be responsible if there will be mistake in someday.d. An employee of finishing department walked off with several parts from the stash away room and recorded the items as having been issued to the assembly department.Violation The problem is errorness of the employee. Because he walked off with several parts in the store room. In this case we must make a new design of storing inventory.Solution So with this case we must give the new design for storing inventory. Employee must be complete move the inventory from assembly department to finishing department. There must be no miss inventory that still in the store room. It must all move on. After that the employee is must be given a practice so there will be no more mistake like this again in the future.e. A cashier cashed a check from a customer in payment of an account receivable, pocketed the cash, and secrete the theft by properly posting the receipt to the customer account in the accounts receivable ledger.Violation This is a fraud problem. The cashier has violated the ethics of work with do this. This pro blem probably can happen because of the weak internal control, theres no tight controlling in cash receiving, so the cashier can do this.Solution This is a big trouble for company. So for the first things we do is we must give a punishment to the cashier and give a warning for other problem in the future. After the problem is clear we must have a new ruler for cashier so there will be no more action like this anymore. And manager must do more action to control every activities of the cashier.

My Trip to America Essay

The plane was victorious off. Gravity pulled me lean on the back of the seat. Seeing the trees, roads, cars and buildings became more and more blurry in my sight, I felt my brain was blank. Hey, Im really going to word of farewell tomorrow I called my best fri depot the night before I left. Dont hinder to swim across the Pacific Ocean to visit me. She said after the long silence. Yes, for me at that time, the States was truly clean Hollywood and Disneyland on the other side of the Pacific Ocean.But soon enough, I would find out the real America by myself. Before I knew, I was already animated the air of San Francisco, my counterbalance stop. The Hip-Hop music coming from the radio was really loud, and people were trotting. I could plane feel the fast beat of that city in the car. Some subject was non in that rush though the pigeons. They were taking a offer leisurely on the street, did non afraid of people, as though if the hurry did not belong to them at all.That surv ey was never to be seen in my country. When the last piece of furniture was go into my apartment, my dad signed we have a home in America now. chicago il. In the first summer, I used to touch the unacquainted address on the envelope ein truth time we got letters, unspoilt to recite telephone number and close my eyes to feel the wind. So my new life just had begun unconsciously. Almost nothing fitted what I imagined nigh the High School. Because it was a lot better than what I supposed.I thought I would be lonely, no one would talk to me, but actually at the end of the first of school, I already had known someone who I could consider as friend. Things were indeed not easy though. I held the map of the school building, and finally found my way to classroom after request three people for direction. Teachers were nothing like the strict teacher in China, they were patient and funny.They were willing to be students friends. I used to say, Sorry, my English is very bad. at the beginn ing of the school year every time when I finished talking with someone. Once I was sitting outside of school gate on the stairs and talking to a girl, when I said my formal conclusion sentence, she said Oh no, your English is very good and gave me a shinny smile. In my memory, the sky of that afternoon was as limpid as a lake with glittering sunshine Honestly, I did not understand or feel much every sunrise when we put our right hand on the left chest and say the pest towards the flag.Until one sidereal day the school showed the commemoration of 9. 11 on the TV, I saw many teacher cried. I shortly realized that America is their home, was just like someone attacked their home and hurt their sister or brother. The oath to the Stars and Stripes is not just about a verb, a pose its about the tincture of home. Most sunny days of chicago are mild. I will sit in bird-scarer of the desk and look up to those cotton- assdy-like clouds through the window.Or I will always take a walk in the dusk on some clean and quiet bypath, the tip of the church, which is tinged by the orange afterglow and the portentous Chinars along the path, which sings softly in the wind, always make me think I have crashed in to a fairyland. I know that I felt and still feel the love when I was singing the discipline anthem of my country, China. And America is where I live and study now. It is my second home. I am getting the delicate education here, I have met lovely and patriotic people here, and I have seen the charming scene here. I am experiencing a totally different lifestyle here.Close my eyes, I still can see the tears on my grandparents face in the airport I can still timbre the thick Natee on every street of San Francisco I can still remember once in that respect was a girl who was too nervous to decide whether to wear a pink or clean T-shirt on the first day of school. After a year and a half nutriment in America, Im still that happy little girl, except when I think about America, it is not more far away across the Pacific Ocean, it is where my new life is, it is my home. And another thing is that I can be the person to show others the direction to the classroom now.

Family Variations and Implications to Children Essay

Family Variations and Implications to Children - Essay ExampleIn contemporary communities such as in the U.K, racial variations, scotch factors and family structures portray undischarged influences on behaviors that are adopted by children in different backgrounds, which are in addition affected by social and economic status of families. Therefore, economic, social, and cultural background of a family has a great impact on the behaviors and the upbringing of a child in the community. Children from single sustaining portray different characteristics from children with deuce parents, with the gender of the child being a factor in determining how the family structure and relationships affects children in finical families. Wright & Chrysalis (2007, 16) argue that the rapidly changing family dynamics result in varying characteristics and behaviors in children, indicating that the structure of a family has a direct impact on the upbringing of a child. Therefore, children adopt behav iors and characteristics that mirror the family cultural and economic backgrounds, and family structures in the society. In this report, the various effects of family structures and their effects on children influenced by the social, economic, and cultural factors will be investigated. Berthoud (2) further notes that in black families, the issue of extended family is more profound, and may involve grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles, among others. Generally, research in most U.K families portray most traditional family structures are more stable compared to the current marriage structures, which include single parenting and cohabitation forms of marriages (Mooney, Oliver & Smith 2009, 3). Children in stable marriages portray healthy and stable development psychologically, mentally and are in most cases protected from vices experienced by children in the other two forms of marriages (Mooney, Oliver & Smith 2009, 3). much(prenominal) children are likely to be morally responsible ac cording stable upbringing, or the favorable glory in these families they have to learn their cultural orientations and the expected code of behaviors in the society. These family structures lead to enhanced stick among the family members that protect children from the effects and influence of cohabitation and single parenting marriages. Hollist & McBroom (2006) in a research study indicated that children from single parent households report poor academic performance, psychological, and social behaviors, which may include early school dropout, risky internal behaviors, drug abuse, and juvenile delinquency, among others. However, when economic considerations are taken in place, families with two parents and in higher income sustain were found to fair the same with parents with single parenting (Berthoud, 2). This implies that family income in families makes a huge different in delineation variations in children upbringing. However, similar studies on variation of children brought up in different households and their academic performance represent no significant difference. Curtis (2007) argues that in U.K, children from low income families are half as likely to attain full grades in their GCSEs, compared to their counterparts in high income families. Curtis further elaborates that these children are more vulnerable in the community, and their probability to deviate these schools with better qualifications compared to their counterparts in well off families, with this gap between children in the two social groups broadening over time. Curtis further

Management in context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Management in context - Essay ExampleThese damaging theories confuse made students to believe that managers cannot be trusted. I also noticed that the theories suggest that strict supervision and moderate of employees is the optimal manner of operating a business. The article showed that academic research associated with business and direction conduct, influences charge negatively in that students relinquish their moral responsibility by learning its theories (Ghoshal, 2005). Surprises in JA2 This article demonstrate that the theories taught in universities and business schools are to blame for the managers poor performance. This is because the managers underutilise the available resources when they follow incorrect channels that bequeath to bad decisions as a result having of inadequate knowledge. Possession of relevant knowledge was emphasized in this article, where Donaldson implies that managers do not make bad decisions intentionally, but it is because of inadequate knowled ge that these errors arise. These errors are not think by the managers, and are due to deficiencies in their knowledge (Donaldson, 200297). A new thought was introduced when Donaldson wrote that social theories taught in business schools take on had contradictions with the assumptions made in management facts of life. There is contradiction between the views expressed by some major contemporary social science theories taught in management schools and the assumptions on which management education is founded (Donaldson, 200297). The way Donaldson proved the incompatibility of the economic and finance, strategy system, agency theory, institutional theory, and judgmental bias theory was so convincing that I come to completely agreed with the article. The evidence In the article, Ghoshal argued that the negative management and conduct of business have been influenced by academic research learnt in business school by students who later become managers. I observed that the argument on assumptions and ideas that Ghoshal was talking about were indeed true. Our theories and ideas have done much to strengthen the management practices that we are all now so loudly denounce by adoption of a particular theory and more at the incorporation, which have ideologically inspired amoral theories that are taught in business school(Ghoshal, 200576-76). The ideology of pessimism also known as liberalism brought a benighted vision in management where the owners of a business do not trust the managers as it is unembellished in the many companies across the globe. Looking into Donaldsons article and how he had argued, the five theories he had highlighted sincerely contradicted optimal management of business and what students learnt in business schools. In economics and finance, when information is made popular it cannot help one firm as all the other firms will have it and use it to their advantage. and so research-based knowledge, one time public, confers no economic advanta ge in (even semi strong) efficient markets. Only knowledge that is unbroken private can confer an advantage to the investor (Donaldson, 200296). This shows that the research done in business school once made public cannot give students an upper hand. In the theory of strategy, when a firm has unique resources, it cannot own them to the managers, as they can reveal them to rival firms. This in turn results to resources being underutilised therefore, failing to realize the lavish potential of the

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership - Assignment ExampleGroups and Teams The requirement for this heading stipulates brief from ones knowledge of gatheringing dynamics and performance, to provide an explanation why this sub-section may be ineffective. The course module focusing on lesson 3 free radicals and teams distinguish between an effective and ineffective group by indicating that effective groups are able to grow through each stage of development, whereas ineffective groups throne get stuck in the forming, norming or storming stages (Lesson 3, 5). From the bill of members composing the sub-section, it can be clearly deduced that these members have non been formed together meaning, their membership in the sub-section occurs at different points in time. One member, Rhea Nordheimer, the calculating machine programmer, has been with the section for 10 years, while Jasmine Sangrinas appointment as an RMS clerk is her first posting and comparatively new. The supervisor, Pierre Dalicaster, is also an old-timer, having had 30 years experience in the service. The differences in entry point to the group has been a crucial factor in contributing to diversity in personal and professional goals that at last lead to missing tasks and project deadlines. As such, the problems manifested express inefficiencies in the performing state, apparently burdened with distractions or dysfunctional interpersonal conflict (Lesson 3, 5) and dysfunctional personal and professional goals. Further the performing factors composition, size, group norms and ropiness define differences in crucial elements that influence the groups effectiveness and ability to achieve organizational goals. The composition of the members itself indicate diversity in ages (Dalicaster about to retire, Sangrina newly graduate), status, interests, and personal goals. Concurrently, there is the issue of cohesiveness where it is eminent that members do not want to stay together (as James Cockingham expressed that he would rather be fanny in this previous regiment) and there is a lack of interest for interaction and interpersonal relationships (Cockingham does not interact with other members of the sub-section Nordheimer is not a warm or approachable person and openly dislikes Cookster or Cockingham Sangrina is loth to ask for help and Delicaster not trained for the position). All of these factors validate the sub-sections ineffectiveness as a group. Decision-making To address the need to select a decision-making approach and to provide an explanation how one could employment it to station possible problems and potential solutions for this sub-sections ineffectiveness, one proposes the military approach where both rational and behavioral approaches (Lesson 1, 7). The scenario indicates that in the capacity of a Section Head, one has been governing operations of the section in a cross of only one month, therefore it would be more viable to use the military approach to use the five-model under rational d ecision approach, in conjunction with behavioral approach, using the information on observation noted in the scenario. The group decision making process where the sub-section supervisor, Delicaster would meet with the group to discuss group problems and to solicit feedback and participation

Consider the relative contribution of classical and operatn Essay

Consider the relative contribution of classical and operatn conditioning to caper maneuver - Essay ExampleThis paper will look at discordant theories and therapies tie in with drama behavior with the focus on conditioning theories.As gambling is becoming a popular activity, the problems associated with gambling ar also increasing. Because of this, it has become necessary to do extensive research into the different facets of gambling including the behaviors that knead gambling, the negative effects it can have, and treatment of gambling addicts. Researchers have also tried to assort gamblers into various categories using different criteria. For example, Abbott, Palmisano & Dickerson (1995) classify gamblers as excessive of normal gamblers Fisher (1993) classifies them as social or pathological gamblers Gupta & Derevensky (1998) classify them as social, problem, or pathological gamblers Shaffer et al. (1994) classify them as non-pathological, in-transition, or pathological gambl ers and Vitaro, Arseneault & Tremblay (1999) classify them as recreational, low-problem, or high-problem gamblers. (cited in Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002) These differences in the classification of gamblers have also resulted in non-applicability of a hotshot gambling model to the everyplaceall population of gamblers, although there are other various reasons too. A bingle theoretical model of gambling can non explain and account for the various biological, psychological and social factors that are related with problem gambling. worry Gambling Problem gambling can be defined as a gambling behavior which causes disruptions in any major area of life psychological, physical, social, or vocational. (The National Council , nd. n.p.) Problem gambling also includes what other researchers like Blaszczynski & Nower (2002) have referred to as pathological gambling. Pathological gambling refers to an stable and repeated maladaptive gambling behavior, in which the gambler cannot control the d esire to gamble, which may bring subtle psychosocial results soulal, familial, financial, professional, or legal. (APA, 1994 cited in Blaszczynski & Nower, 2002) Because of his inability to control his gambling behavior, a problem gambler may hurt his own self, his family or the community. For example, a problem gambler will give priority to his gambling habits over his familys needs, and therefore, will not care about destroying his familial life as a normal person would care.There are some symptoms that are commonly found in problem gamblers although they do not necessarily mean that a person is involved in problem gambling. These signs include but are not limited to headaches, back pain, insomnia, ADHD, anxiety. (Tessier & Ballon, 2003) It is recommended that when such orders are frequently found in a patient, a physician should test him for problem gambling.Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning revolves around the concepts of foreplay and response. A stimu lus is anything that brings a response in the subject. A response is a reaction that is brought by the

Employment Discrimination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employment Discrimination - Assignment voiceDue to the fact that the termination was expressly concerned with the fact that his immediate supervisor felt he could not trust a homo exciteual in such a position, whatever shortcomings or missteps that tomcat may have made in the past with regards to the his level of stereotypical manly talk, tough behavior, and/or flirting with female personnel inside the organization. This is a likely approach that the organization will sample to put forward as a means of defense however, it will not work over collectible to the fact that the reason for termination was not stated to be any of these aspects rather, it was determined to be due to the fact that the employer felt he could no longer trust Tom, he was ultimately terminated from his position. Accordingly, this represents a very clear cut and flagrant violation of EEOC and employment law that the court system should not have any difficulty adjudicating. As such, the final determination tha t can all but be assured is that the EEOC will rule in Toms favor and state that the employer has terminated an employee unlawfully as such, Tom will have the possibility to either chose to continue his employment with back contain for time last or he can alternatively choose to pursue suit in the case (Marshall et al, 2011). 2. Robin has just graduated with an MS in elementary education. He sends his resume to a number of trail boards and one writes back offering an consultation for a kindergarten position. When Robin arrives at the interview it is obvious that the interviewers had expected a female. They ask a few general questions and conclude the interview. Two eld later he gets a rejection letter. He later finds out that a female applicant with precisely a Bachelors degree was hired. He believes that he has been discriminated against due to sex and he files a complaint with the EEOC. The school order defends by saying that kindergarten teachers are traditionally female an d that the parents perceptiveness is for a female to conduct the class. Is the school board justified in their actions and will their defense be powerful? One of the difficulties in defining and discussing legality and ethics within the workplace decisions is the differentiation between wrong behavior and ultimate illegality. As such, the case in question illustrates both an unethical and illegal component. Whereas the employer is within its rights to make certain determinations, it is against the law to discriminate upon an individual based upon age, gender, race, sexual orientation, or religious affiliation. Although the school may think that their defense is rock solid due to the fact that they have included other groups preferences into the decision making process, the fact of the matter is that this defense expressly admits that they had been discriminating upon sex as one of the primal determinants to fulfill the position in question. Moreover, the fact of tradition itself , or the preference of shareholders, has absolutely nothing to do with the legality of whether or not the ultimate hiring authority had discriminated (McMahon & Hurley, 2008). The school district made a fundamental mistake in first choosing to discriminate based upon gender and a second fundamental mistake in admitting to the fact that they had discriminated regardless of whatever weak excuse was utilise to make up for such an action. As such, the cas